Yintoni ileyibhile yeekhemikhali?
Ielebhile zemichiza zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, ukuphatha kakuhle, kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo malunga neekhemikhali. Ziithegi zolwazi okanye izitikha ezincanyathiselwe kwizikhongozeli zeekhemikhali ezifana neebhotile, amagubu, okanye iipakethe. Ezi lebhile zinika iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nekhemikhali engaphakathi, kuquka nesazisi sayo, iingozi, imiyalelo yokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo, kunye nolwazi lolawulo. Eyona njongo iphambili yeelebhile zeekhemikhali kukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo, uthutho, kunye nokugcinwa kweekhemikhali, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokwenzakala okunokwenzeka kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ileyibhile yeekhemikhali ibandakanya ulwazi olubalulekileyo olulandelayo:
1.Igama leKhemikhali kunye nesazisi: Ileyibhile ibonisa igama elithile lekhemikhali okanye igama layo eliqhelekileyo ukuze lichonge ngokuchanekileyo.
2. IiPictograms ezinobungozi: Iipictogram okanye iisimboli zobungozi bamazwe ngamazwe zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iingozi eziphambili ezinxulumene nomchiza ngokukhawuleza. Ezi pictograms zisebenzisa ii-iyikhoni ezibonakalayo ngokulula ukubonisa iingozi ezinjengokutsha, ubuthi, ukudleka, njl.
3. Amagama oMqondiso: Amagama omqondiso afana “Ingozi” okanye “Isilumkiso” gxininisa ubuzaza beengozi ezibangelwa yikhemikhali.
4. Iingxelo zeNgozi: Iingxelo zeengozi zibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neentlobo zeengozi ezivezwa yimichiza.
5. IiNkcazo zokuQaphela: Iingxelo zokhuseleko zinika isikhokelo ekuphatheni ngokukhuselekileyo, yokugcina, kunye nezenzo zokulahla ukunciphisa imingcipheko ehambelana nekhemikhali.
6. Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala: Ulwazi kumanyathelo oncedo lokuqala kwimeko yokuvezwa ngengozi okanye ukudibana nekhemikhali.
7. Ulwazi lomvelisi: Ileyibhile ibandakanya igama kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zomenzi okanye umsasazi wekhemikhali.
8. Ulwazi loLawulo: Ezinye iileyibhile zeekhemikhali zinokuqulatha ulwazi olunxulumene nokuthotyelwa, njengeekhowudi zengozi kunye neereferensi ezisemgangathweni zolawulo.
Iileyibhile zemichiza zibambelela kwiinkqubo ezihambelanayo zehlabathi, njengeNkqubo eDityanisiweyo yeHlabathi yoHlelo kunye nokuFakwa kweMichiza (GHS), ejolise ekulinganiseni ukuhlelwa kweekhemikhali kunye nonxibelelwano kwihlabathi jikelele. I-GHS iqinisekisa ukuba iingozi ezifanayo ziyachongwa kwaye zichazwe ngendlela efanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ummandla okanye ilizwe apho ikhemikhali isetyenziswa khona.
Ukongeza kwizinto ezinyanzelekileyo, iilebhile zeekhemikhali zinokubandakanya ulwazi olongezelelweyo, njengomhla wokwenziwa, umhla WOKUPHELELWA, inombolo eninzi, kunye neemfuno ezithile zokugcina. Abasebenzi, abaphathi, kunye nabaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka kufuneka bafunde ngononophelo kwaye baqonde iilebhile zeekhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuphendula kwimeko yeengozi okanye ukuchitheka..
Iimfuno zeMathiriyeli kwiiLeyibhile zeMichiza
Izinto ezifunekayo kwiilebhile zeekhemikhali zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iilebhile zihlala zinjalo, iyafundeka, kunye nolwazi kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bekhemikhali. Iileyibhile zemichiza kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile kwaye ziyilelwe ukumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, kuquka ukuchanabeka kwimichiza, utshintsho lobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokuphathwa ngokomzimba. Nazi ezinye iimfuno eziphambili zemathiriyeli kwiilebhile zeekhemikhali:
1.Ukuqina: Iileyibhile zeekhemikhali kufuneka zenziwe kwizinto ezihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala, kuquka ukuchanabeka kwimichiza, imitha ye-UV, ukufuma, kunye nokwahluka kobushushu. Iileyibhile kufuneka zihlale zifundeka kwaye zincanyathiselwe kwizikhongozeli ngaphandle kokuwohloka ekuhambeni kwexesha.
2. Ukumelana nemichiza: Ekubeni iilebhile zeekhemikhali zincanyathiselwe kwizikhongozeli zeekhemikhali, kufuneka baxhathise kwimichiza ekufanele bayichonge. Oku kuthintela ileyibhile ekubeni ingafundeki okanye iqhekeke xa idibana nekhemikhali.
3. Iimpawu zokuncamathelisa: Ileyibhile encamathelayo kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuze incamathele ngokukhuselekileyo ileyibhile kwisikhongozeli kodwa ikwavumele ukususwa okucocekileyo xa kuyimfuneko ngaphandle kokushiya iintsalela ezincangathi ezinokuphazamisana nokubhalwa kweelebhile kwixesha elizayo..
4.Ukumelana nobushushu: Iileyibhile zemichiza kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zoshishino apho iikhemikhali zinokugcinwa kwiimeko ezinzima.
5. Ukumelana ne-UV: Iileyibhile ezivezwe kukukhanya kwelanga kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana ne-UV ukunqanda ukufiphala kwaye zigcine ukufundeka kwazo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
6. Ukunyangwa kwamanzi kunye nokufuma: Iileyibhile kufuneka ziyilwe ukumelana namanzi kunye nokufuma ukuthintela ukungcoliseka, ukopha kwe-inki, okanye ileyibhile ephuma kwisikhongozeli ngenxa yeemeko ezimanzi.
7. Ukunyangwa kweenyembezi: Iileyibhile kufuneka zibe nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kokukrazula ukuthintela umonakalo owenziwe ngengozi ngexesha lokuphatha kunye nokuthutha.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiilebhile zeekhemikhali ziquka i-polyester, polypropylene, ivinyl, kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe ephepheni ezineengubo ezifanelekileyo okanye i-laminations zokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwikhemikhali ethile kunye neemeko apho ilebula iya kusetyenziswa.
Ibalulekile kubenzi beekhemikhali, abasasazi, kunye nabasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe imathiriyeli yeelebhile ezifanelekileyo ezihlangabezana nokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kunye nemigangatho yolawulo ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olululo lweengozi kunye neendlela zokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo..
Izilumkiso Zokwenza Iileyibhile zeMichiza
Xa usenza iilebhile zeekhemikhali, amanyathelo amaninzi kufuneka athathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iileyibhile zichanekile, esebenzayo, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo efanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye izilumkiso ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1.Ukuchaneka koLwazi: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkcukacha eziboniswe kwileyibhile zichanekile kwaye zisexesheni. Jonga kabini amagama ekhemikhali, ulwazi oluyingozi, iingxelo zokhuseleko, kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano phambi kokuprinta iilebhile.
2. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo: Landela imigaqo esebenzayo kunye nemigangatho yokuleyibhelishwa kweekhemikhali, ezinje ngeNkqubo eDityanisiweyo yeHlabathi (GHS) okanye iimfuno zolawulo lwasekhaya. Qinisekisa ukuba iilebhile ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke izinto ezisisinyanzelo kunye nemigangatho yonxibelelwano oluyingozi.
3. Sebenzisa iifonti ezifundekayo kunye nemizobo: Khetha iifonti ezicacileyo nezifundekayo zesicatshulwa kwaye usebenzise iipictogram zengozi ezifanelekileyo kunye neempawu. Ileyibhile kufuneka ifundeke lula kwaye iqondwe ngabo bonke abasebenzisi.
4. Ubungakanani kunye nokubekwa: Qinisekisa ukuba ileyibhile inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukuthwala lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko ngaphandle kokuxinana okubhaliweyo. Beka ileyibhile ngokucacileyo kwisikhongozeli ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala lula kunye nokuchongwa ngokukhawuleza.
5. Izinto Ezixhathisayo: Khetha imathiriyeli ileyibhile ekwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali, Ukuvezwa kwe-UV, ukufuma, kunye nokwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweleyibhile kubomi bonke bekhemikhali.
6. Ukuprintwa kovavanyo kunye nokunamathela: Vavanya inkqubo yeleyibhile yokuprinta kunye nokuncamathisela ngeekhemikhali zesampulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iilebhile zibambelela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye i-inki okanye ushicilelo luhlala lunjalo..
7. Ulwazi Loncedo Lokuqala: Bandakanya ulwazi olufanelekileyo loncedo lokuqala kwileyibhile yokukhokela abasebenzisi kwimeko yokuvelelwa ngengozi okanye ukudibana nekhemikhali.
8. Uphononongo oluqhubekayo: Ukuphonononga rhoqo kwaye uhlaziye iilebhile zeekhemikhali njengoko zifunekayo ukubonisa naluphi na utshintsho kwimichiza, iingozi, okanye iimfuno zolawulo.
9. Ulwazi loMboneleli: Bandakanya iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ezichanekileyo zomthengisi okanye umenzi ukuququzelela unxibelelwano xa kukho imibuzo okanye unxunguphalo.
Ngokulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko, iilebhile zeekhemikhali zikwazi ukunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo neengozi kunye nolwazi lokhuseleko, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kunye neendlela zokugcina kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi bekhemikhali.
Iileyibhile zemichiza zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugqithiseni ulwazi oluyingozi lweemveliso zemichiza kunye nokuthintela iingozi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuncamathelisa iilebhile ezilumkisayo kwizinto ezinobungozi kunye neekhemikhali. Singumzi mveliso okhethekileyo ekwenzeni ngokwezifiso kunye nokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelebhile, ukuba unezidingo okanye imibuzo malunga noku, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuqhagamshelana nathi!
