Kungenzeka ukuthi siyibonile ilebula ye-UL kwezinye izinto zikagesi zasendlini ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Lawa malebula amancane asephenduke indinganiso yokuphepha yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Abakhiqizi abaningi bazofaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-UL lapho bethengisa imikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke ungayenza kanjani ilebula ye-UL? Yiziphi izidingo zayo eziqondile?
Lesi sihloko sizokusiza uqonde izinhlobo zamalebula e-UL, isidingo sesitifiketi se-UL, kanye nezindlela zokuthola amalebula e-UL.
Iyini Ilebula ye-UL?
Ilebula ye-UL ngokuvamile ibhekisela kulebula yesitifiketi enikezwa i-Underwriters Laboratories ngemva kokuhlolwa nokuhlola.. I-UL isifinyezo se-Underwriters Laboratories. Isungulwe ku 1894, ilabhorethri izimele, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekuhloleni ukuphepha komphakathi. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-UL, sizonamathisela ilebula ye-UL emkhiqizweni.
Izinzuzo zesitifiketi se-UL/ Ilebula ye-UL
Isitifiketi se-UL ikakhulukazi esokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha kwebhizinisi. Inhloso yayo enkulu ukuletha izinga eliphephile lezimpahla emakethe nokusiza ekuqinisekiseni impilo nokuphepha kwabantu.
Kunjalo, ukwamukela uhlelo lwesitifiketi se-UL kuwukuzithandela. Pho kungani abantu abaningi besafaka izicelo?
Nazi ezinye izizathu nezinzuzo zokuphrinta uphawu lwesitifiketi se-UL:
1. Isithunzi esinamandla
Isitifiketi se-UL sibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yenkampani inegunya futhi ithembekile ngokwemibandela yokuphepha esetshenziswayo.. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu futhi kuyisiqinisekiso esigcwele semakethe sokuphepha komkhiqizo wenkampani. Okwamabhizinisi anezitifiketi ze-UL, abathengi nabathengi bazoba nokwethenjwa nokuzithemba okwengeziwe.
2. Sheshisa isivinini sohwebo lomhlaba wonke
Ukudlulisa isitifiketi se-UL kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuthi imikhiqizo ingene emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika futhi ingathunyelwa ngaphandle ngempumelelo. Kulula ukuthi umkhiqizo wenkampani ungene ngokushesha emzileni osheshayo emakethe yomhlaba.
3. Amazinga ekhwalithi
Bobabili abathengisi namaqembu abasebenzisi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngekhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayithenga kuphi imikhiqizo, bazogxila ekukhetheni imikhiqizo enamamaki esitifiketi se-UL. Lokhu sekube yizinga elizenzakalelayo lamanye amabhizinisi. Imikhiqizo engaqinisekisiwe nge-UL ivamise ukunqatshelwa ukuthengwa.
4. Umlando omude
Ngoba isitifiketi se-UL sinomlando omude kanye nesithombe somkhiqizo esihle kakhulu, ugxile ezinhliziyweni zabantu abajwayelekile. Ukuze wenze imikhiqizo idayise kangcono emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, abaningi abaphakathi bazodinga ukuthi imikhiqizo ibe namamaki esitifiketi.
5. Izinto ezingaba nomthelela
Ngemikhiqizo engenaso isitifiketi se-UL, ezinye izinkampani zomshwalense zingase zingavumi ukubafaka umshwalense. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho yendawo ingase ivimbele amabhizinisi ekusebenziseni nasekuthengiseni imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ngaphandle kwesitifiketi se-UL.
Izinhlobo zamalebula e-UL
Isitifiketi se-UL singahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amabili ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezinsizakalo ze-UL: Isitifiketi Sokufakwa ohlwini kanye nesitifiketi sokuqashelwa.
Ukufakwa kuhlu kwe-UL kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo wokugcina ophelele. I-UL Recognition iyisitifiketi sokuphepha sezisekeli zomkhiqizo nezinto zokwakha. Ngamanye amazwi, Izesekeli ezigunyaziwe kuphela noma izinto ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele ezingahlanganiswa futhi zisetshenziswe kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izintambo, ama-transformer, amabhodi wesifunda, amaswishi, amapulaki, ipulasitiki, insimbi, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, singaphinda sihlukanise amalebula e-UL abe yizinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo:
1. Uhlu lwe-UL
Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene engaphansi kwamasevisi asohlwini lwe-UL ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kagesi: njengemishini yasendlini, imishini yezokwelapha, Imishini ye-IT, amathuluzi kagesi, njalo njalo. Ibuye ifanelekele ezinye izingxenye, njengamaswishi, izintambo, ama-fuse, njll.
2. UL Classified
Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ehlukanisiwe akuyona imikhiqizo esetshenziswa abathengi, kodwa kakhulu esetshenziswa yizimboni noma ezentengiselwano. Ngakho-ke, izidingo zokuhlola zemikhiqizo enjalo zizoqina kakhulu. Njengamakhemikhali ezimboni, izinto zokwakha, izinto zokuvikela umlilo, njll.
3. I-UL Certified
Ilebula yesitifiketi se-UL, eyaziwa nangokuthi ilebula yokumaka ethuthukisiwe. Ilogo ye-UL ehlakaniphile ethuthukisiwe ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izici ezine: ilogo eyisisekelo, isibaluli sokuqinisekisa, ikhodi yezwe efanelekile, kanye nekhodi yokuhlonza ehlukile. Abathengi bangakwazi ukuskena ibhakhodi kulebula ukuze bazi ukuthi umkhiqizo uphumelele ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kwe-UL..
Izigaba Zezinhlelo Zokumaka Nokulebula
Imikhiqizo yelebula isebenzisa izinga lokuhlola le-UL969, futhi ahlukaniswe abe yizinto ezilandelayo zesitifiketi ngokuya ngezimpawu zomkhiqizo wazo:
- I-PGDQ2, Uhlelo Lokumaka Nokulebula.
Ngokwezinga le-UL969, kumalebula asetshenziwe, iphrosesa yelebula noma iphrinta yelebula ingasebenza ngokuqondile. Le mikhiqizo ibhekisela kumalebula aphrintiwe futhi ngokuvamile aye aphathwa ngaphandle. Lawa malebula enzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezomile zasendlini. Nokho, ngemvume ekhethekile, ingasetshenziswa futhi ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Kafushane, I-PGDQ2 ilebula ephrintiwe engakwazi ukucutshungulwa noma iphrintwe futhi ngemva kokushiya imboni.
- PGJI2, Izinto Zokuphrinta.
Ngokwezinga le-UL969, inhlanganisela yezinto ezingaphezulu eziphrintiwe noma ezingaphrintiwe kanye noyinki kungasetshenziswa ilebula umphakeli wezinto ezingavuthiwe, umenzi welebula, noma imboni yokunyathelisa. Noma ngabe izitikha ziphrintiwe ngaphambilini noma aziphrintiwe ngaphambi kokuphuma efekthri, amakhasimende angasebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-laser noma ukuphrinta kokudlulisa okushisayo ngokwezidingo zawo ukuze abone ukuthi iribhoni yephrinta nezinto ezibonakalayo ziyahambelana yini. Ekuphetheni, I-PGJI2 iwumkhiqizo osuqedwe kancane, ingaphrintwa futhi ngemva kokuphuma embonini.
- PGGU2, Izinto Zokusebenza Zokumaka Nokulebula.
Ngokwezinga le-UL969, ikakhulukazi i-self-adhesive ilebula enamathelayo, kufaka phakathi izinto ezingaphezulu namafilimu acwebezelayo ngaphandle kwamalebula aphrintiwe anamathelayo, engasetshenziswa ilebula abahlinzeki bempahla eluhlaza.
- I-PGIS2, Ukumaka nezinhlelo zokulebula, Ukusetshenziswa Okulinganiselwe.
Ngokusho kwamazinga we-UL817 kanye ne-UL859, Izimpawu ezikhethekile zenziwa izintambo ezigobekayo ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni ekhethekile. Ingasetshenziswa yizinkampani zokuphrinta eziguqula ilebula. Isibonelo imigqa yamandla kagesi aphezulu. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe: amamodeli amalebula ahlukene kufanele abe nemiyalo enemininingwane yokuthi i-UL588 noma i-UL817 iyasebenza yini, yiziphi izinhlobo zezintambo, bangaki osayizi bezintambo, nokuthi zingasetshenziswa yini endlini noma ngaphandle.
- I-PGAA, Uhlelo Olugunyaziwe Lwabahlinzeki Belebula.
Lokhu kubhekisela esitifiketini esidingwa abahlinzeki ngelebula lapho bephrinta amalebula aqukethe i-ULlistingMark kubakhiqizi bomkhiqizo wokugcina.. I-PGAA ingumkhiqizi welebula ogunyazwe yi-UL. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izimboni noma abahlinzeki ngaphandle kwalesi sitifiketi.
Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlola kwe-UL969
Ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-UL, umenzi kufanele aqale athumele umkhiqizo kwa-Underwriter's Laboratories ukuze uthole uchungechunge lokuhlolwa. Uma umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezisebenzayo, I-UL izogunyaza umenzi ukuthi asebenzise Umaki Wokugunyazwa kwe-UL emkhiqizweni noma engxenyeni. Uma inkampani isigunyaziwe ukusebenzisa uphawu lwesitifiketi se-UL emikhiqizweni yayo, umkhiqizi welebula ye-UL kufanele athumele idizayini yelebula ye-UL Esikhungweni Selebula ye-UL ukuze ibuyekezwe. Amalebula kufanele ahlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile ezishiwo yi-UL.
I-UL ngokuvamile iyahlulela ukuthi ilebula iyahambisana yini nencazelo esuselwe ezintweni ezilandelayo:
1. Izinto zokwakha
2. Ukugqoka ukumelana
3. Ukuphikelela ezindaweni ezinokhahlo
4. Usayizi/indawo
5. Ukucaca
Ngiyithola Kanjani Ilebula ye-UL?
Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizo usufake isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-UL, izinkampani eziningi zizodideka mayelana nendlela yokwenza nokuphrinta amalebula e-UL.
I-ZLLABEL ngumkhiqizi onesitifiketi se-PGAA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi singakwazi ukuphatha zonke izidingo zakho zokulebula zesitifiketi se-UL. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokunamathisela esizisebenzisayo zingamelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene ezinokhahlo, engaqinisekisa ukuqina nokuqina kwelebula. Ungasebenzisa amalebula emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, njengezinto zikagesi, izincwadi, imibhalo, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, ubucwebe, izingubo zokugqoka, njalo njalo.
Uma unezidingo, sicela uxhumane nathi ukuze uthole isixazululo esilungile.
