Sisenokuba siqaphele ilebhile ye-UL kwezinye izixhobo zasekhaya kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ezi lebhile ezincinci ziye zaba ngumgangatho wokhuseleko kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Abavelisi abaninzi bayakufaka isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-UL xa bethengisa iimveliso. Ke indlela yokwenza ilebhile yeUL? Ziziphi iimfuno zayo ezithile?
Eli nqaku liza kukunceda uqonde iintlobo zeelebhile ze-UL, imfuneko yoqinisekiso lwe-UL, kunye neendlela zokufumana iilebhile ze-UL.
Yintoni Ileyibhile ye-UL?
Ileyibhile ye-UL ibhekisa ngokubanzi kwileyibhile yesatifikethi ebonelelwa yi-Underwriters Laboratories emva kovavanyo kunye novavanyo.. I-UL sisishunqulelo se-Underwriters Laboratories. Yasekwa kwi 1894, ilabhoratri izimele, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ozinikele kuvavanyo lokhuseleko loluntu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye iphumelele uvavanyo lwe-UL, siya kuncamathelisa ileyibhile ye-UL kwimveliso.
Izibonelelo zeSiqinisekiso se-UL / Ileyibhile ye-UL
Isiqinisekiso se-UL sesona siqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lweshishini. Eyona njongo yayo kukuzisa umgangatho okhuselekileyo weempahla kwimarike kwaye uncede ekuqinisekiseni impilo yabantu nokhuseleko.
Kanjalo, ukwamkela inkqubo yoqinisekiso lwe-UL yinto yokuzithandela. Ngoko kutheni abantu abaninzi besenza izicelo?
Nazi ezinye izizathu kunye neenzuzo zokuprinta uphawu lwesiqinisekiso se-UL:
1. Ukomelela ngakumbi
Isatifikethi se-UL sibonisa ukuba iimveliso zenkampani zinegunya kwaye zithembeke ngokwemiqathango yokhuseleko ekusebenziseni.. Ngaxeshanye, oku kukwaqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko lwemveliso yenkampani. Kumashishini anesatifikethi se-UL, abathengi kunye nabathengi baya kuba nentembelo ngakumbi kunye nokuzithemba.
2. Ukukhawulezisa isantya sorhwebo lwehlabathi
Ukupasa isiqinisekiso se-UL kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuba iimveliso zingene kwimarike yaseMntla Melika kwaye zinokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngempumelelo. Kukulungele ukuba uphawu lwenkampani lungene ngokukhawuleza kwindlela ekhawulezayo kwimarike yehlabathi.
3. Imigangatho yomgangatho
Bobabini abathengisi kunye namaqela abasebenzisi baxhalabile kakhulu malunga nomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba bathenga phi iimveliso, baya kugxila ekukhetheni iimveliso ezinamanqaku esiqinisekiso se-UL. Oku kube ngumgangatho omiselweyo kwamanye amashishini. Iimveliso ezingaqinisekiswanga nge-UL zihlala zikhatywa ukuba zithengwe.
4. Imbali ende
Ngenxa yokuba isatifikethi se-UL sinembali ende kunye nomfanekiso wophawu oluhle kakhulu, uye wendele nzulu ezintliziyweni zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ukuze wenze iimveliso zithengise ngcono kwimarike yaseMntla Melika, abaninzi abaphakathi baya kufuna ukuba iimveliso zibe namanqaku esiqinisekiso.
5. Imiba enokuba nefuthe
Kwiimveliso ngaphandle kwesatifikethi se-UL, ezinye iinkampani zeinshorensi zisenokungavumi ukubanika i-inshorensi. Ukwengeza, imithetho yasekuhlaleni inokuthintela amashishini ekusebenziseni nasekuthengiseni iimveliso zombane ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso seUL.
Iindidi zeeLayibhile ze-UL
Uqinisekiso lwe-UL lunokwahlulwa lube ngamanqanaba amabini kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo ze-UL: Uluhlu lweSatifikethi kunye neSatifikethi sokuQongwa.
Uluhlu lwe-UL lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso epheleleyo yokugqibela. I-UL Recognition sisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko sezixhobo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo. Ngamanye amazwi, kuphela izincedisi ezivunyiweyo okanye izixhobo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo ezinokudityaniswa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwimveliso yokugqibela. Imizekelo ibandakanya iingcingo, iinguqu, iibhodi zesekethe, iiswitshi, iiplagi, iplastiki, intsimbi, njl.
Ukwengeza, singakwazi ukwahlula iilebhile ze-UL kwezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo:
1. Uluhlu lwe-UL
Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezizezenkonzo ezidweliswe ngu-UL ngokubanzi ziquka izixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo: ezifana nezixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zonyango, Izixhobo ze-IT, izixhobo zombane, kwaye nangokunjalo. Ikwafanelekile kumacandelo athile, ezifana nokutshintsha, iingcingo, iifusi, njl.
2. UL Classified
Ngokubanzi, iimveliso ezihleliweyo ayizimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngabathengi, kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu lishishini okanye urhwebo. Ke ngoko, iimfuno zovavanyo lweemveliso ezinjalo ziya kuba ngqongqo ngakumbi. Ezinje ngeekhemikhali zamashishini, izinto zokwakha, izixhobo zokukhusela umlilo, njl.
3. UL Certified
Ileyibhile yesatifikethi se-UL, Ikwaziwa njengeleyibhile yokumakishwa ephuculweyo. Ilogo ye-UL ekrelekrele ephuculweyo ibandakanya ikakhulu izinto ezine: uphawu olusisiseko, uphawu lokuqinisekisa, ikhowudi yelizwe efanelekileyo, kunye nekhowudi yesazisi eyodwa. Abathengi banokuskena ibhakhowudi kwileyibhile ukuze bazi ukuba imveliso iphumelele uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lwe-UL..
IiNdlela zokuMakisha nokuFakwa kweeLabheli
Iimveliso zelebhile zamkela umgangatho wovavanyo we-UL969, kwaye zahlulwe zibe zizinto ezilandelayo zesatifikethi ngokweempawu zabo zemveliso:
- PGDQ2, Ukumakisha kunye neNkqubo yokuFakwa kweeLayibheli.
Ngokomgangatho we-UL969, kwiilebhile ezigqityiweyo, umqhubekekisi weleyibhile okanye umshicileli weleyibhile unokufaka ngokuthe ngqo. Ezi mveliso zibhekiselele kwiileyibhile ezishicilelweyo kwaye ngokubanzi ziye zanyangwa ngaphezulu. Ezi lebhile zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezomileyo zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngemvume ekhethekileyo, inokusetyenziswa ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Kufuphi, I-PGDQ2 yileyibhile eprintiweyo engenakwenziwa okanye iprintwe kwakhona emva kokushiya umzi-mveliso.
- PGJI2, Izixhobo Zokuprinta.
Ngokomgangatho we-UL969, indibaniselwano yemathiriyeli eprintiweyo okanye engashicilelwanga ngaphezulu kunye ne-inki inokusetyenziswa ngumthengisi wemathiriyeli ekrwada., umenzi weleyibhile, okanye umzi-mveliso wokushicilela. Nokuba izincamathelisi ziprintwe kwangaphambili okanye azishicilelwanga phambi kokuba umke kumzi-mveliso, abathengi banokusebenzisa ushicilelo lwelaser okanye ushicilelo lokudlulisa thermal ngokwemfuno zabo ukuchonga ukuba iribhoni yomshicileli kunye nezinto ziyahambelana. Ukuququmbela, I-PGJI2 yimveliso engagqibekanga, inokuphinda iprintwe emva kokushiya umzi-mveliso.
- PGGU2, Ukumakisha kunye nokuFakwa kweZixhobo zeNkqubo.
Ngokomgangatho we-UL969, ikakhulu yeyokuncamathelisa ileyibhile encamathelayo, kubandakanywa izinto ezingaphezulu kunye neefilimu ezikhazimlayo ngaphandle kweelebhile eziprintiweyo zokuzincamathelisa, enokusetyenziswa ngababoneleli bempahla ekrwada.
- PGIS2, IiNkqubo zokuMakisha kunye nokuFakwa kweeLayibheli, Ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo.
Ngokwemigangatho ye-UL817 kunye ne-UL859, iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zenziwa kwiintambo ezigotywayo ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ingasetyenziswa ziinkampani zoshicilelo eziguqulela ileyibhile. Umzekelo imigca yamandla ombane aphezulu. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe: iimodeli zeeleyibhile ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zibe nemiyalelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokuba i-UL588 okanye i-UL817 iyasebenza, zeziphi iintlobo zocingo, zingaphi iisayizi zocingo, nokuba zingasetyenziswa ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle.
- PGAA, Inkqubo yababoneleli beLabel eGunyaziweyo.
Oku kubhekisa kwisiqinisekiso esifunwa ngabanikezeli beelebhile xa ushicilela iilebhile eziqulathe i-ULlistingMark kubavelisi bemveliso yokugqibela.. I-PGAA ngumenzi weleyibhile oqinisekiswe yi-UL. Kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi iifektri okanye ababoneleli ngaphandle kwesi siqinisekiso.
UVavanyo kunye noVavanyo lwe-UL969
Ukufumana isatifikethi se-UL, umenzi kufuneka aqale angenise imveliso kwi-Underwriter's Laboratories kuthotho lovavanyo. Ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezifanelekileyo, I-UL iya kugunyazisa umenzi ukuba asebenzise uphawu lweSiqinisekiso se-UL kwimveliso okanye inxalenye. Nje ukuba inkampani ivunyiwe ukuba isebenzise uphawu lwesiqinisekiso se-UL kwiimveliso zayo, umenzi weeleyibhile we-UL kufuneka angenise uyilo lweleyibhile ye-UL kwiZiko leLayibhile ye-UL ukuze iqwalaselwe. Iileyibhile kufuneka zivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezibalulekileyo ezichazwe yi-UL.
I-UL igweba ngokubanzi ukuba ileyibhile iyahambelana neenkcukacha ezisekelwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1. Izixhobo
2. Ukunxiba ukuxhathisa
3. Ukuzingisa kwiimeko ezinzima
4. Ubungakanani/ummandla
5. Ukucaca
Ndiyifumana njani ileyibhile ye-UL?
Emva kokuba imveliso ifake isicelo sesiqinisekiso se-UL, iinkampani ezininzi ziya kubhideka malunga nendlela yokwenza kunye nokuprinta iilebhile ze-UL.
I-ZLLABEL ngumenzi wesatifikethi sePGAA. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuzisingatha zonke iimfuno zakho zokuleyibheli zesatifikethi se-UL. Ukwengeza, izinto zokuncamathelisa esizisebenzisayo zinokumelana nemeko-bume ezahlukeneyo ezinzima, enokuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuqina kweleyibhile. Unokufaka iilebhile kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nezixhobo zombane, iincwadi, amaxwebhu, iimveliso zepetroli, ubucwebe, impahla, kwaye nangokunjalo.
Ukuba unayo naziphi na iimfuno, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ukuze ufumane esona sisombululo.
